It is commonduring the breeding season to hear males countersinging, so when one male starts a song, the neighboring males start singing back, producing a fine chorus. Males sing throughout the year, but the song output reaches a maximum during the breeding season, during which the songs are longer (larger number of song phrases) and are produced more often. Generally males sing from perches within the understory, sometimes close to ground, and only rarely do they sing at higher levels in the forest.
In fact, the four geographically isolated populations of Costa Rica show significant differences in temporal and frequency characters (C. Despite these differences, there is geographic structure in their song. The syntax of each song phrase also can vary highly between individuals, even among birds inhabiting the same population. The order of production of the song phrases is variable. Each song phrase lasts about 0.95 seconds. Between each song phrase there is a pause of about 8 seconds, and between songs, pauses are longer than in between song phrases. Each song is composed of up to 8-18 song phrases, each phrase different from the one preceding usually each song phrase has a different emphasized frequency, varying between one high pitched phrase and the next one with a lower pitch.
#Nightingale sound series#
Stiles and Skutch (1989) describe the song as a series of two or three successive phrases, those differ among them in pitch, sounding fuzzy, and separated by a pause of some seconds.Īctually the song is more complex than previously described (e.g., ML 76570). The song has been described as similar to those of the Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush Catharus frantzii (Ridgely and Gwynne 1989) or Russet Nightingale-Thrush Catharus occidentalis (Clement 2003), but thinner, higher and less musical. The Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush has a wide arrange of different vocalizations.
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